Valvuloplasty is a procedure used to open a stiff (stenotic) heart valve. Your doctor will insert a very small, narrow, hollow tube (catheter) into a blood vessel in the groyne and advance it through the aorta into the heart during valvuloplasty. When the catheter reaches the stiff valve, your doctor inflates a large balloon at the catheter's tip, pushing the flaps (leaflets) of the valve open. After opening the valve, the doctor deflates the balloon and removes the catheter. Valvuloplasty can be used to open a stiffened heart valve. However, valvuloplasty does not treat all conditions in which a heart valve becomes stiff. Heart valves that are damaged or diseased may not function properly. Valvular stenosis (stiffened valve) and valvular regurgitation are two conditions that can cause problems with the heart valves (leaky valve). When one (or more) valves stiffen, the heart muscle must work harder to push blood through the valve. Infections (such as rheumatic fever or staphylococcus infections), birth defects, and ageing can all cause stiff valves. When one or more valves fail, blood leaks backwards, causing less blood to be pumped in the proper direction.
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